Function Reference
abs
Synopsis
abs(x)
Description
Returns the absolute numerical value of x.
Examples
abs(-3.14) returns 3.14.
See Also
fabs
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acos
Synopsis
acos(x)
Description
Returns the inverse cosine of x.
Examples
See Also
cos
Top
acosh
Synopsis
acosh(x)
Description
ACOSH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0,
acosh() returns the NUM! error.
Excel compatible.
Examples
ACOSH(2) equals 1.31696.
ACOSH(5.3) equals 2.35183.
See Also
acos
asinh
degrees
radians
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address
Synopsis
address(row_num, col_num[, abs_num, a1, text])
Description
Address returns a cell address as text for specified row and column
numbers.
If abs_num is 1 or omitted, address returns absolute reference. If
abs_num is 2, address returns absolute row and relative column. If
abs_num is 3, address returns relative row and absolute column. If
abs_num is 4, address returns relative reference. If abs_num is
greater than 4, address returns error.
a1 is a logical value that specifies the reference style. If a1 is
TRUE or omitted, address returns an A1-style reference, i.e. $D$4.
Otherwise address returns an R1C1-style reference, i.e. R4C4.
text specifies the name of the worksheet to be used as the external
reference.
If row_num or col_num is less than one, address returns error.
Examples
See Also
Top
and
Synopsis
and(b1, b2, ...)
Description
And implements the logical and function: the result is TRUE if all of
the expression evaluates to TRUE, otherwise it returns FALSE.
b1, trough bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered
FALSE and anything else is TRUE.
If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
If no logical values are provided, then error is returned.
Excel compatible. The name of the function is @and,
since and is used by Scheme.
Examples
and(TRUE,TRUE) equals TRUE.
and(TRUE,FALSE) equals FALSE.
Let us assume that A1 holds number five and A2 number one. Then
and(A1>3,A2<2) equals TRUE.
See Also
or
not
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ash
Synopsis
ash(value, bits)
Description
Arithmetic shift of value a given number of bits to the left (positive)
or right (negative).
Examples
ash(1, 2) returns 4.
See Also
Top
asin
Synopsis
asin(x)
Description
Returns the inverse sin of x.
Examples
See Also
sin
Top
asinh
Synopsis
asinh(x)
Description
ASINH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is
the value whose hyperbolic sine is x.
Excel compatible.
Examples
ASINH(0.5) equals 0.481212.
ASINH(1.0) equals 0.881374.
See Also
asin
acosh
sin
cos
degrees
radians
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atan
Synopsis
atan(x)
Description
Returns the inverse tangent of x.
Examples
See Also
tan
Top
atan2
Synopsis
atan2(x, y)
Description
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y.
Examples
See Also
tan
atan
atan_2
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atan_2
Synopsis
atan_2(x, y)
Description
Returns the inverse tangent of x/y. This is the same function as atan2,
but avoids being interpreted as an A1 style reference.
Examples
See Also
tan
atan
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atanh
Synopsis
atanh(x)
Description
ATANH function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that
is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of
x is greater than 1.0, ATANH returns NUM! error. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
ATANH(0.5) equals 0.549306.
ATANH(0.8) equals 1.098612.
See Also
atan
tan
sin
cos
degrees
radians
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avedev
Synopsis
avedev(n1, n2, ...)
Description
Avedev returns the average of the absolute deviations of a data set
from their mean. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4, 17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
avedev(A1..A5) equals 7.84.
See Also
stdev
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average
Synopsis
average(value1, value2, ...)
Description
Average computes the average of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. This is equivalent to the sum of the arguments
divided by the count of the arguments. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
average(A1..A5) equals 23.2.
See Also
sum
count
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averagea
Synopsis
averagea(number1, number2, ...)
Description
Averagea returns the average of the given arguments. Numbers, text and
logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
averagea(A1..A5) equals 18.94.
See Also
average
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base64decode
Synopsis
base64decode(x)
Description
Given a string X in base64 representation returns a string
with bytes computed using the base64 decoding algorithm.
See rfc1521.txt.
Examples
See Also
base64encode
Top
base64encode
Synopsis
base64encode(x)
Description
Returns a string computed using the base64 encoding algorithm.
Examples
See Also
base64decode
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besseli
Synopsis
besseli(x, order)
Description
Besseli returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
Examples
besseli(0.7,3) equals 0.007367374.
See Also
besselj
besselk
bessely
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besselj
Synopsis
besselj(x, order)
Description
Besselj returns the bessel function with x is where the
function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel function, if
non-integer it is truncated.
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
Examples
besselj(0.89,3) equals 0.013974004.
See Also
besselj
besselk
bessely
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besselk
Synopsis
besselk(x, order)
Description
Besselk returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
Examples
besselk(3,9) equals 397.95880.
See Also
besseli
besselj
bessely
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bessely
Synopsis
bessely(x, order)
Description
Bessely returns the Neumann, Weber or Bessel function. x is
where the function is evaluated. order is the order of the bessel
function, if non-integer it is truncated.
If x or order are not numeric an error is returned. If order < 0 a
error is returned. Excel compatible.
Examples
bessely(4,2) equals 0.215903595.
See Also
besseli
besselj
besselk
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betadist
Synopsis
betadist(x, alpha, beta[, a, b])
Description
Betadist returns the cumulative beta distribution. a is the
optional lower bound of x and b is the optional upper bound of x.
If a is not given, betadist uses 0. If b is not given, betadist uses
1.
If x < a or x > b betadist returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betadist returns error. If a >= b betadist returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
betadist(0.12,2,3) equals 0.07319808.
See Also
betainv
Top
betainv
Synopsis
betainv(p, alpha, beta[, a, b])
Description
Betainv returns the inverse of cumulative beta distribution.
a is the optional lower bound of x and b is the optinal upper bound
of x. If a is not given, betainv uses 0. If b is not given, betainv
uses 1.
If p < 0 or p > 1, betainv returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0, betainv returns error. If a >= b, betainv returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
betainv(0.45,1.6,1) equals 0.607096629.
See Also
betadist
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bin2dec
Synopsis
bin2dec(x)
Description
Bin2dec converts a binary number in string or number to its
decimal equivalent. Excel compatible.
Examples
bin2dec(101) equals 5.
See Also
dec2bin
bin2oct
bin2hex
Top
bin2hex
Synopsis
bin2hex(number[, places])
Description
Bin2hex converts a binary number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
bin2hex(100111) equals 27.
See Also
hex2bin
bin2oct
bin2dec
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bin2oct
Synopsis
bin2oct(number[, places])
Description
Bin2oct converts a binary number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
bin2oct(110111) equals 67.
See Also
oct2bin
bin2dec
bin2hex
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binomdist
Synopsis
binomdist(n, trials, p, cumulative)
Description
Binomdist returns the binomial distribution. n is the number
of successes, trials is the total number of independent trials, p is
the probability of success in trials, and cumulative describes
whether to return the sum of thebinomial function from 0 to n.
If n or trials are non-integer they are truncated. If n < 0 or
trials < 0 binomdist returns error. If n > trials binomdist
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1 binomdist returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
binomdist(3,5,0.8,0) equals 0.2048.
See Also
poisson
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cbrt
Synopsis
cbrt(x)
Description
The cbrt() function returns the cube root of x. This
function cannot fail; every representable real value has a
representable real cube root.
Examples
See Also
sqrt
pow
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cc_solv
Synopsis
cc_solv(a, b, n)
Description
Solve a general linear system A*x = b.
int solv(double a[],double b[],int n)
a = array containing system matrix A in row order
(altered to L-U factored form by computation)
b = array containing system vector b at entry and
solution vector x at exit
n = dimension of system
Examples
See Also
Top
ceil
Synopsis
ceil(x)
Description
CEIL function rounds x up to the next nearest integer.
Excel compatible.
Examples
CEIL(0.4) equals 1.
CEIL(-1.1) equals -1.
CEIL(-2.9) equals -2.
See Also
abs
floor
int
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ceiling
Synopsis
ceiling(x, significance)
Description
Ceiling rounds x up to the nearest multiple of
significance.
If x or significance is non-numeric ceiling returns error.
If x and significance have different signs ceiling returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
ceiling(2.43,1) equals 3.
ceiling(123.123,3) equals 126.
See Also
ceil
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char
Synopsis
char(x)
Description
Char returns the ASCII character represented by the number x.
Examples
char(65) equals A.
See Also
code
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chidist
Synopsis
chidist(x, dof)
Description
Chidist returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared
distribution. dof is the number of degrees of freedom.
If dof is non-integer it is truncated. If dof < 1, chidist returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
chidist(5.3,2) equals 0.070651213.
See Also
chiinv
chitest
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chiinv
Synopsis
chiinv(p, dof)
Description
Chiinv returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of
the chi-squared distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 or dof < 1, chiinv returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
chiinv(0.98,7) equals 1.564293004.
See Also
chidist
chitest
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choose
Synopsis
choose(index[, value1][, value2]...)
Description
Choose returns the value of index index. index is rounded to an
integer if it is not.
If index < 1 or index > number of values: returns error.
Examples
See Also
if
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code
Synopsis
code(char)
Description
Code returns the ASCII number for the character char.
Examples
code("A") equals 65.
See Also
char
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columns
Synopsis
columns(range)
Description
The columns function returns the number of columns in area or array
reference.
If reference is neither an array nor a range returns
error.
Examples
See Also
column
row
rows
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combin
Synopsis
combin(n, k)
Description
Combin computes the number of combinations.
Performing this function on a non-integer or a negative number returns
an error. Also if n is less than k returns an error. This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
combin(8,6) equals 28.
combin(6,2) equals 15.
See Also
Top
complex
Synopsis
complex(real, im[, suffix])
Description
Complex returns a complex number of the form x + yi. real is the real
and im is the imaginary coefficient of the complex number. suffix is
the suffix for the imaginary coefficient. If it is omitted, complex
uses 'i' by default.
If suffix is neither 'i' nor 'j', complex returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
complex(1,-1) equals 1-i.
See Also
Top
concatenate
Synopsis
concatenate(string1[, string2...])
Description
Concatenate returns up appended strings.
Examples
concatenate("aa","bb") equals "aabb".
See Also
left
mid
right
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confidence
Synopsis
confidence(x, stddev, size)
Description
Confidence returns the confidence interval for a mean. x is
the significance level, stddev is the standard deviation, and size
is the size of the sample.
If size is non-integer it is truncated. If size < 0, confidence
returns error. If size is 0, confidence returns error.
Excel compatible.
Examples
confidence(0.05,1,33) equals 0.341185936.
See Also
average
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convert
Synopsis
convert(number, from_unit, to_unit)
Description
Convert returns a conversion from one measurement system to another.
For example, you can convert a weight in pounds to a weight in grams.
number is the value you want to convert, from_unit specifies the
unit of the number, and to_unit is the unit for the result.
from_unit and to_unit can be any of the following:
Weight and mass:
'g' Gram
'sg' Slug
'lbm' Pound
'u' U (atomic mass)
'ozm' Ounce
Distance:
'm' Meter
'mi' Statute mile
'Nmi' Nautical mile
'in' Inch
'ft' Foot
'yd' Yard
'ang' Angstrom
'Pica' Pica
Time:
'yr' Year
'day' Day
'hr' Hour
'mn' Minute
'sec' Second
Pressure:
'Pa' Pascal
'atm' Atmosphere
'mmHg' mm of Mercury
Force:
'N' Newton
'dyn' Dyne
'lbf' Pound force
Energy:
'J' Joule
'e' Erg
'c' Thermodynamic calorie
'cal' IT calorie
'eV' Electron volt
'HPh' Horsepower-hour
'Wh' Watt-hour
'flb' Foot-pound
'BTU' BTU
Power:
'HP' Horsepower
'W' Watt
Magnetism:
'T' Tesla
'ga' Gauss
Temperature:
'C' Degree Celsius
'F' Degree Fahrenheit
'K' Degree Kelvin
Liquid measure:
'tsp' Teaspoon
'tbs' Tablespoon
'oz' Fluid ounce
'cup' Cup
'pt' Pint
'qt' Quart
'gal' Gallon
'l' Liter
For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used:
'E' exa 1E+18
'P' peta 1E+15
'T' tera 1E+12
'G' giga 1E+09
'M' mega 1E+06
'k' kilo 1E+03
'h' hecto 1E+02
'e' dekao 1E+01
'd' deci 1E-01
'c' centi 1E-02
'm' milli 1E-03
'u' micro 1E-06
'n' nano 1E-09
'p' pico 1E-12
'f' femto 1E-15
'a' atto 1E-18
If from_unit and to_unit are different types, CONVERT returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
convert(3,"lbm","g") equals 1360.7769.
convert(5.8,"m","in") equals 228.3465.
convert(7.9,"cal","J") equals 33.07567.
See Also
Top
cos
Synopsis
cos(x)
Description
Returns the cosine where x is in units of radians.
Examples
See Also
sin
Top
cosh
Synopsis
cosh(x)
Description
COSH function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined
mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2. x is in radians.
Excel compatible.
Examples
COSH(0.5) equals 1.127626.
COSH(1) equals 1.543081.
See Also
cos
sin
sinh
tan
tanh
radians
degrees
exp
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count
Synopsis
count(b1, b2, ...)
Description
Count returns the total number of integer or floating point arguments
passed. Empty cells do not count. Strings and labels do not count.
Complex numbers do not count.
Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
count(A1..A5) equals 5.
See Also
average
Top
counta
Synopsis
counta(b1, b2, ...)
Description
Counta returns the number of arguments passed not including empty
cells. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, "missing", "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
counta(A1..A5) equals 5.
See Also
average
count
dcount
dcounta
product
sum
Top
countblank
Synopsis
countblank(range)
Description
Countblank returns the number of blank cells in a range. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
count
Top
countif
Synopsis
countif(range, criteria)
Description
Countif counts the number of cells in the given range that
meet the given criteria. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27,
28, 33, and 39. Then
countif(A1..A5,"<=28") equals 3.
countif(A1..A5,"<28") equals 2.
countif(A1..A5,"28") equals 1.
countif(A1..A5,">28") equals 2.
See Also
count
sumif
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critbinom
Synopsis
critbinom(trials,p,alpha)
Description
Critbinom returns the smallest value for which thecumulative
is greater than or equal to a given value. n is the number of trials,
p is the probability of success in trials, and alpha is the
criterion value.
If trials is a non-integer it is truncated. If trials < 0, critbinom
returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1, critbinom returns
error. If alpha < 0 or alpha > 1, critbinom returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
critbinom(10,0.5,0.75) equals 6.
See Also
binomdist
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crypt
Synopsis
crypt(key, salt)
Description
A form of string hash.
Examples
See Also
Top
currency_rate
Synopsis
currency_rate(from, to)
Description
Fetches currency exchange rates from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
currency_rate("SEK", "FRF") returns the value in French francs
of one Swedish krona.
See Also
stock_price
euro
Top
datevalue
Synopsis
datevalue(date_str)
Description
Datevalue returns the serial number of the date. date_str is the
string that contains the date. For example, datevalue("1/1/1999")
equals 36160.
Examples
See Also
date
Top
daverage
Synopsis
daverage(database,field,criteria)
Description
Daverage returns the average of the values in a list or
database that match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 42296.3333.
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..A11) equals 39.
daverage(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 40782.5.
daverage(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 36.
See Also
dcount
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day
Synopsis
day(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a day.
Examples
See Also
month
time
now
year
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dcount
Synopsis
dcount(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dcount counts the cells that contain numbers in a database
that match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
dcount(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
dcount(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 0.
See Also
daverage
Top
dcounta
Synopsis
dcounta(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dcounta counts the cells that contain data in a database that
match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 3.
dcounta(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 2.
dcounta(A1..C7, "Name", A9..B11) equals 2.
See Also
dcount
Top
dec2bin
Synopsis
dec2bin(number[,places])
Description
Dec2bin converts a decimal number to a binary number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
dec2bin(42) equals 101010.
See Also
bin2dec
dec2oct
dec2hex
Top
dec2hex
Synopsis
dec2hex(number[,places])
Description
Dec2hex converts a decimal number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
dec2hex(42) equals 2A.
See Also
hex2dec
dec2bin
dec2oct
Top
dec2oct
Synopsis
dec2oct(number[,places])
Description
Dec2oct converts a decimal number to an octal number. places
is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
dec2oct(42) equals 52.
See Also
oct2dec
dec2bin
dec2hex
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define
Synopsis
define(variable, value)
Description
A special form used to assign a value to a variable:
define(variable, value)
The variable can then be used in other places in the sheet.
Examples
Let's say that A1 contains the value 2 and B1 contains the value 3.
define(foo, a1*b1) returns 6 and also defines the variable foo.
foo returns 6 after the definition above.
See Also
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degrees
Synopsis
degrees(x)
Description
Degrees computes the number of degrees equivalent to x radians. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
degrees(2.5) equals 143.2394.
See Also
radians
pi
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delta
Synopsis
delta(x[,y])
Description
Delta tests for numerical equivilance of two arguments
returning 1 in equality y is optional, and defaults to 0.
If either argument is non-numeric returns a error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
delta(42.99,43) equals 0.
See Also
exact
gestep
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devsq
Synopsis
devsq(n1, n2, ...)
Description
Devsq returns the sum of squares of deviations of a data set from the
sample mean.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
devsq(A1..A5) equals 470.56.
See Also
stdev
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dget
Synopsis
dget(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dget returns a single value from a column that match
conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dget(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A10) equals 34323.
dget(A1..C7, "Name", A9..A10) equals "Clark".
If none of the items match the conditions, dget returns error.
If more than one items match the conditions, dget returns error.
See Also
dcount
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dmax
Synopsis
dmax(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dmax returns the largest number in a column that match
conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dmax(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..A11) equals 47242.
dmax(A1..C7, "Age", A9..A11) equals 45.
dmax(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 43.
See Also
dmin
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dmin
Synopsis
dmin(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dmin returns the smallest number in a column that match
conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dmin(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 34323.
dmin(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 29.
See Also
dmax
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dollar
Synopsis
dollar(num[,decimals])
Description
Dollar returns num formatted as currency.
Examples
dollar(12345) equals "$12,345.00".
See Also
fixed
text
value
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dproduct
Synopsis
dproduct(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dproduct returns the product of numbers in a column that
match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dproduct(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 1247.
See Also
dsum
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drem
Synopsis
drem(x, y)
Description
The drem() function computes the remainder of dividing x
by y. The return value is x - n * y, where n is the quo-
tient of x / y, rounded to the nearest integer. If the
quotient is 1/2, it is rounded to the even number.
Examples
See Also
fmod
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dstdev
Synopsis
dstdev(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dstdev returns the estimate of the standard deviation of a
population based on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that
match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dstdev(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 9.89949.
dstdev(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 9135.112506.
See Also
dstdevp
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dstdevp
Synopsis
dstdevp(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dstdevp returns the standard deviation of a population based
on the entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that
match conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dstdevp(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 7.
dstdevp(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 6459.5.
See Also
dstdev
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dsum
Synopsis
dsum(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dsum returns the sum of numbers in a column that match
conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dsum(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 72.
dsum(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 81565.
See Also
dproduct
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duration
Synopsis
duration(rate,pv,fv)
Description
Duration calculates number of periods needed for an investment to
attain a desired value. This function is similar to fv and pv with a
difference that we do not need give the direction of cash flows e.g.
-100 for a cash outflow and +100 for a cash inflow.
Examples
See Also
ppmt
pv
fv
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dvar
Synopsis
dvar(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dvar returns the estimate of variance of a population based
on a sample. The populations consists of numbers that match conditions
specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dvar(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 98.
dvar(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 83450280.5.
See Also
dvarp
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dvarp
Synopsis
dvarp(database,field,criteria)
Description
Dvarp returns the variance of a population based on the
entire populations. The populations consists of numbers that match
conditions specified.
database is a range of cells in which rows of related information are
records and columns of data are fields. The first row of a database
contains labels for each column.
field specifies which column is used in the function. If field is an
integer, i.e. 2, the second column is used. Field can also be the
label of a column. For example, ``Age'' refers to the column with the
label ``Age'' in database range.
criteria is the range of cells which contains the specified
conditions. The first row of a criteria should contain the labels of
the fields for which the criterias are for. Cells below the labels
specify conditions, for example, ``>3'' or ``<9''. Equality condition
can be given simply by specifing a value, e.g. ``3'' or ``John''. Each
row in criteria specifies a separate condition, i.e. if a row in
database matches with one of the rows in criteria then that row is
counted in (technically speaking boolean OR between the rows in
criteria). If criteria specifies more than one columns then each of
the conditions in these columns should be true that the row in
database matches (again technically speaking boolean AND between the
columns in each row in criteria).
Examples
Let us assume that the range A1..C7 contain the following values:
Name Age Salary
John 34 54342
Bill 35 22343
Clark 29 34323
Bob 43 47242
Susan 37 42932
Jill 45 45324
In addition, the cells A9..B11 contain the following values:
Age Salary
<30
>40 >46000
dvarp(A1..C7, "Age", A9..B11) equals 49.
dvarp(A1..C7, "Salary", A9..B11) equals 41725140.25.
See Also
dvar
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effect
Synopsis
effect(r,nper)
Description
Effect calculates the effective interest rate from a given nominal
rate.
Effective interest rate is calculated using this formulae:
r( 1 + ------ ) ^ nper - 1 nper
where:
r = nominal interest rate (stated in yearly terms)
nper = number of periods used for compounding
Examples
For example credit cards will list an APR (annual percentage rate)
which is a nominal interest rate.
For example if you wanted to find out how much you are actually paying
interest on your credit card that states an APR of 19% that is
compounded monthly you would type in:
effect(.19,12) and you would get .2075 or 20.75%. That is the
effective percentage you will pay on your loan.
See Also
nominal
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erf
Synopsis
erf(x)
Description
ERF function returns the integral of the error function between
zero and x.
Excel compatible.
Examples
ERF(0.4) equals 0.428392355.
See Also
erfc
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erfc
Synopsis
erfc(x)
Description
The ERFC function returns the integral of the complimentary error
function between the limits 0 and x.
Examples
See Also
erf
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euro
Synopsis
euro(currency)
Description
Euro converts one Euro to a given national currency in the European
monetary union. currency is one of the following:
ATS (Austria)
BEF (Belgium)
DEM (Germany)
ESP (Spain)
FIM (Finland)
FRF (France)
IEP (Ireland)
ITL (Italy)
LUF (Luxemburg)
NLG (Netherlands)
PTE (Portugal)
If the given currency is other than one of the above, EURO returns
error.
Examples
euro("DEM") returns 1.95583.
See Also
currency_rate
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even
Synopsis
even(number)
Description
Even returns the number rounded up to the nearest even
integer. Excel compatible.
Examples
even(5.4) equals 6.
See Also
odd
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exact
Synopsis
exact(string1, string2)
Description
Exact returns true if string1 is exactly equal to string2 (this
routine is case sensitive).
Examples
exact("key","key") equals TRUE.
See Also
len
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exp
Synopsis
exp(x)
Description
Computes the exponential function of x.
Examples
See Also
Top
expm_1
Synopsis
expm_1(x)
Description
expm_1(x) returns a value equivalent to `exp (x) - 1'. It
is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of
x is near zero--a case where `exp (x) - 1' would be inaccurate
due to subtraction of two numbers that are nearly
equal.
Examples
See Also
exp
log
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expondist
Synopsis
expondist(x,y,cumulative)
Description
Expondist returns the exponential distribution. If the
cumulative boolean is false it will return: y * exp (-y*x),
otherwise it will return 1 - exp (-y*x).
If x < 0 or y <= 0 this will return an error. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
expondist(2,4,0) equals 0.001341851.
See Also
poisson
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fabs
Synopsis
fabs(x)
Description
FABS returns the absolute value of the number x.
Examples
fabs(1) equals 1.
fabs(-3.14) equals 3.14.
See Also
abs
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fact
Synopsis
fact(x)
Description
Fact computes the factorial of x. ie, x! This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
fact(3) equals 6.
fact(9) equals 362880.
See Also
Top
factdouble
Synopsis
factdouble(number)
Description
FACTDOUBLE returns the double factorial of a number.
If number is not an integer, it is truncated. If number is negative
FACTDOUBLE returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
FACTDOUBLE(5) equals 15.
See Also
fact
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fdist
Synopsis
fdist(x, dof1, dof2)
Description
FDIST returns the F probability distribution. dof1 is the
numerator degrees of freedom and dof2 is the denominator degrees of
freedom.
If x < 0 FDIST returns error. If dof1 < 1 or dof2 < 1, FDIST
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
FDIST(2,5,5) equals 0.232511319.
See Also
finv
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finv
Synopsis
finv(p, dof1, dof2)
Description
FINV returns the inverse of the F probability distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 FINV returns error. If dof1 < 1 or dof2 <
1 FINV returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
FINV(0.2,2,4) equals 2.472135955.
See Also
fdist
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fisher
Synopsis
fisher(x)
Description
FISHER returns the Fisher transformation at x.
If x is not-number FISHER returns error. If x <= -1 or x >=
1 FISHER returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
FISHER(0.332) equals 0.345074339.
See Also
skew
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fisherinv
Synopsis
fisherinv(x)
Description
FISHERINV returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation at
x.
If x is non-number FISHERINV returns error. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
FISHERINV(2) equals 0.96402758.
See Also
fisher
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fixed
Synopsis
fixed(num,[decimals, no_commas])
Description
FIXED returns num as a formatted string with decimals numbers after
the decimal point, omitting commas if requested by no_commas.
Examples
FIXED(1234.567,2) equals "1,234.57".
See Also
Top
floor
Synopsis
floor(x)
Description
The floor() function rounds x downwards to the nearest
integer, returning that value as a double.
Examples
floor(3.14) equals 3.
floor(-3.14) equals -4.
See Also
ceil
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fmod
Synopsis
fmod(x)
Description
Floating point mod.
Examples
See Also
Top
fv
Synopsis
fv(rate,term,pmt,pv,type)
Description
FV computes the future value of an investment. This is based on
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest
rate per period is rate, term is the number of periods in an
annuity, pmt is the payment made each period, pv is the present
value and type is when the payment is made. If type = 1 then the
payment is made at the begining of the period. If type = 0 it is made
at the end of each period.
Examples
See Also
pv
pmt
ppmt
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g_product
Synopsis
g_product(value1, value2, ...)
Description
PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. Empty cells are ignored and the empty product in 1.
Examples
G_PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.
See Also
sum
count
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gammadist
Synopsis
gammadist(x,alpha,beta,cum)
Description
GAMMADIST returns the gamma distribution. If cum is TRUE,
GAMMADIST returns the incomplete gamma function, otherwise it returns
the probability mass function.
If x < 0 GAMMADIST returns error. If alpha <= 0 or beta <= 0,
GAMMADIST returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
GAMMADIST(1,2,3,0) equals 0.07961459.
See Also
gammainv
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gammainv
Synopsis
gammainv(p,alpha,beta)
Description
GAMMAINV returns the inverse of the cumulative gamma
distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 GAMMAINV returns error. If alpha <= 0 or
beta <= 0 GAMMAINV returns error. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
gammainv(0.34,2,4) equals 4.829093908.
See Also
gammadist
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gammaln
Synopsis
gammaln(x)
Description
gammaln returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function.
If x is non-number then gammaln returns error. If x <= 0
then gammaln returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
gammaln(23) equals 48.471181352.
See Also
poisson
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gcd
Synopsis
gcd(number1,number2,...)
Description
gcd returns the greatest common divisor of given numbers.
If any of the arguments is less than zero, gcd returns error. If
any of the arguments is a non-integer, it is truncated. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
gcd(470,770) equals 10.
gcd(470,770,1495) equals 5.
See Also
lcm
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geomean
Synopsis
geomean(b1, b2, ...)
Description
GEOMEAN returns the geometric mean of the given arguments. This is
equal to the Nth root of the product of the terms. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
GEOMEAN(A1..A5) equals 21.279182482.
See Also
average
harmean
median
mode
trimmean
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gestep
Synopsis
gestep(x[,y])
Description
gestep test for if x is >= y, returning 1 if it is so, and
0 otherwise. y is optional, and defaults to 0.
If either argument is non-numeric returns a error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
gestep(5,4) equals 1.
See Also
delta
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get_cell
Synopsis
get_cell(row, column, [sheet])
Description
Returns the value in the specified row and column. If a sheet is
specified, it is used. Otherwise the current sheet is used.
Examples
get_cell(2, 3) returns the value in row 2, column 3 in the current sheet.
get_cell(2, 3, "Sheet 2") returns the value in row 2, column 3
in the sheet named "Sheet 2".
get_cell(2, 3, "1998.siag:") returns the value in row 2, column 3
in the first sheet of buffer "1998.siag".
get_cell(2, 3, "1998.siag:January") returns the value in row 2,
column 3 in the sheet named "January" in the buffer "1998.siag".
See Also
href
vref
Top
getcwd
Synopsis
getcwd()
Description
Returns the current working directory.
Examples
See Also
Top
getenv
Synopsis
getenv(name)
Description
Returns the value of the environment variable named, or ().
Examples
See Also
Top
getgid
Synopsis
getgid()
Description
Returns the group id of the process.
Examples
See Also
Top
gethostid
Synopsis
gethostid()
Description
Returns a 32 bit number.
Examples
See Also
Top
gethostname
Synopsis
gethostname()
Description
Returns the configured name of the host.
Examples
See Also
Top
getpgrp
Synopsis
getpgrp()
Description
Returns the process group ID of the calling process.
Examples
See Also
Top
getpid
Synopsis
getpid()
Description
Returns the process ID of the calling process.
Examples
See Also
Top
getppid
Synopsis
getppid()
Description
Returns the parent process ID of the calling process.
Examples
See Also
Top
getuid
Synopsis
getuid()
Description
Returns the uid of the current process.
Examples
See Also
Top
hex2bin
Synopsis
hex2bin(number[,places])
Description
The HEX2BIN function converts a hexadecimal number to a binary number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
HEX2BIN("2A") equals 101010.
See Also
bin2hex
hex2oct
hex2dec
Top
hex2dec
Synopsis
hex2dec(x)
Description
The HEX2DEC function converts a hexadecimal number to its decimal
equivalent. Excel compatible.
Examples
HEX2DEC("2A") equals 42.
See Also
dec2hex
hex2bin
hex2oct
Top
hex2oct
Synopsis
hex2oct(number[,places])
Description
The HEX2OCT function converts a hexadecimal number to an octal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces.
If places is too small or negative error is returned. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
HEX2OCT("2A") equals 52.
See Also
oct2hex
hex2bin
hex2dec
Top
hlookup
Synopsis
hlookup(value,range,row[,approximate])
Description
HLOOKUP finds the col in range that has a first row cell
similar to value. If approximate is not true it finds the col with an
exact equivilance. If approximate is true, then the values must be
sorted in order of ascending value for correct function; in this case
it finds the col with value less than value it returns the value in
the col found at a 1 based offset in row rows into the range.
Returns error if row < 0. Returns error if row falls outside range.
Examples
See Also
vlookup
Top
hour
Synopsis
hour(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to an hour. The hour is returned as an
integer in the range 0 (12:00 A.M.) to 23 (11:00 P.M.).
Examples
See Also
minute
now
time
second
Top
href
Synopsis
href(x)
Description
Returns the contents from the cell x positions to the right.
Examples
href(-2) returns the cell 2 positions to the left.
See Also
vref
Top
hyperlink
Synopsis
hyperlink(reference)
Description
The HYPERLINK function currently returns its 2nd argument, or if that
is omitted the 1st argument.
Examples
See Also
Top
hypgeomdist
Synopsis
hypgeomdist(x, n, M, N)
Description
HYPGEOMDIST returns the hypergeometric distribution. x is
the number of successes in the sample, n is the number of trials, M
is the number of successes overall, and N is thepopulation size.
If x,n,M or N is a non-integer it is truncated. If x,n,M or N
< 0 HYPGEOMDIST returns error. If x > M or n > N HYPGEOMDIST
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
HYPGEOMDIST(1,2,3,10) equals 0.4666667.
See Also
binomdist
poisson
Top
hypot
Synopsis
hypot(x, y)
Description
The hypot() function returns the sqrt(x*x + y*y). This is
the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle
with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point
(x, y) from the origin.
Examples
See Also
sqrt
Top
imabs
Synopsis
imabs(inumber)
Description
IMABS returns the absolute value of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
IMABS("2-j") equals 2.23606798.
See Also
imaginary
imreal
Top
imaginary
Synopsis
imaginary(inumber)
Description
IMAGINARY returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMAGINARY("132-j") equals -1.
See Also
imreal
Top
imargument
Synopsis
imargument(inumber)
Description
IMARGUMENT returns the argument theta of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMARGUMENT("2-j") equals -0.463647609.
See Also
Top
imconjugate
Synopsis
imconjugate(inumber)
Description
IMCONJUGATE returns the complex conjugate of a complex number. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMCONJUGATE("1-j") equals 1+j.
See Also
imaginary
imreal
Top
imcos
Synopsis
imcos(inumber)
Description
IMCOS returns the cosine of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
IMCOS("1+j") equals 0.833730-0.988898j.
See Also
imsin
imtan
Top
imdiv
Synopsis
imdiv(inumber,inumber)
Description
IMDIV returns the quotient of two complex numbers. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
IMDIV("2-j","2+j") equals 0.6-0.8j.
See Also
improduct
Top
imexp
Synopsis
imexp(inumber)
Description
IMEXP returns the exponential of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
IMEXP("2-j") equals 3.992324-6.217676j.
See Also
imln
Top
imln
Synopsis
imln(inumber)
Description
IMLN returns the natural logarithm of a complex number. (The result
will have an imaginary part between -pi an +pi. The natural logarithm
is not uniquely defined on complex numbers. You may need to add or
subtract an even multiple of pi to the imaginary part.) This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMLN("3-j") equals 1.15129-0.32175j.
See Also
imexp
imlog2
imlog10
Top
imlog_10
Synopsis
imlog_10(inumber)
Description
IMLOG_10 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 10. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMLOG_10("3-j") equals 0.5-0.13973j.
See Also
imln
imlog_2
Top
imlog_2
Synopsis
imlog_2(inumber)
Description
IMLOG_2 returns the logarithm of a complex number in base 2. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMLOG_2("3-j") equals 1.66096-0.46419j.
See Also
imln
imlog_10
Top
impower
Synopsis
impower(inumber,number)
Description
IMPOWER returns a complex number raised to a power. inumber is the
complex number to be raised to a power and number is the power to
which you want to raise the complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
IMPOWER("4-j",2) equals 15-8j.
See Also
imsqrt
Top
improduct
Synopsis
improduct(inumber1[,inumber2,...])
Description
IMPRODUCT returns the product of given complex numbers. This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
IMPRODUCT("2-j","4-2j") equals 6-8j.
See Also
imdiv
Top
imreal
Synopsis
imreal(inumber)
Description
IMREAL returns the real coefficient of a complex number. This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
imreal("132-j") equals 132.
See Also
imaginary
Top
imsin
Synopsis
imsin(inumber)
Description
IMSIN returns the sine of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
IMSIN("1+j") equals 1.29846+0.63496j.
See Also
imcos
imtan
Top
imsqrt
Synopsis
imsqrt(inumber)
Description
IMSQRT returns the square root of a complex number. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
IMSQRT("1+j") equals 1.09868+0.4550899j.
See Also
impower
Top
imsub
Synopsis
imsub(inumber,inumber)
Description
IMSUB returns the difference of two complex numbers. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
IMSUB("3-j","2+j") equals 1-2j.
See Also
imsum
Top
imsum
Synopsis
imsum(inumber,inumber)
Description
IMSUM returns the sum of two complex numbers. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
IMSUM("2-4j","9-j") equals 11-5j.
See Also
imsub
Top
imtan
Synopsis
imtan(inumber)
Description
IMTAN returns the tangent of a complex number. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
imsin
imcos
Top
inet_addr
Synopsis
inet_addr(str)
Description
Converts a "x.x.x.x" dotted notation string or a byte
array into a number.
Examples
See Also
Top
info
Synopsis
info()
Description
INFO returns information about the current operating environment. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
int
Synopsis
int(a)
Description
INT rounds a now to the nearest integer where `nearest'
implies being closer to zero. INT is equivalent to FLOOR(a) for a >=
0, and CEIL(a) for a < 0. Excel compatible.
Examples
INT(7.2) equals 7.
INT(-5.5) equals -6.
See Also
floor
ceil
abs
Top
isblank
Synopsis
isblank(exp)
Description
ISBLANK returns TRUE if the value is blank. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
iseven
Synopsis
iseven(x)
Description
ISEVEN returns TRUE if the number is even. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
isodd
Top
islogical
Synopsis
islogical(x)
Description
ISLOGICAL returns TRUE if the value is a logical value. This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
isna
Synopsis
isna(x)
Description
ISNA returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value. This function
is Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
isnontext
Synopsis
isnontext(x)
Description
ISNONTEXT Returns TRUE if the value is not text. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
istext
Top
isnumber
Synopsis
isnumber(x)
Description
ISNUMBER returns TRUE if the value is a number. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
isodd
Synopsis
isodd()
Description
ISODD returns TRUE if the number is odd. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
iseven
Top
ispmt
Synopsis
ispmt(rate,per,nper,pv)
Description
ISPMT returns the interest paid on a given period.
If per < 1 or per > nper, ISPMT returns error.
Examples
See Also
pv
Top
istext
Synopsis
istext()
Description
ISTEXT returns TRUE if the value is text. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
See Also
isnontext
Top
j_0
Synopsis
j_0(x)
Description
The j_0() and j_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
Examples
See Also
j_1
jn
y_0
y_1
yn
Top
j_1
Synopsis
j_1(x)
Description
The j_0() and j_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the first kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
Examples
See Also
j_0
jn
y_0
y_1
yn
Top
jn
Synopsis
jn(n, x)
Description
The
jn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the
first kind of order n.
Examples
See Also
j_0
j_1
y_0
y_1
yn
Top
kurt
Synopsis
kurt(n1, n2, ...)
Description
KURT returns an unbiased estimate of the kurtosis of a data set.
Note, that this is only meaningful is the underlying distribution
really has a fourth moment. The kurtosis is offset by three such that
a normal distribution will have zero kurtosis.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If fewer than four numbers are given or all of them are equal KURT
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
KURT(A1..A5) equals 1.234546305.
See Also
average
var
skew
kurtp
Top
kurtp
Synopsis
kurtp(n1, n2, ...)
Description
KURTP returns the population kurtosis of a data set.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If fewer than two numbers are given or all of them are equal KURTP
returns error.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
KURTP(A1..A5) equals -0.691363424.
See Also
average
varp
skewp
kurt
Top
large
Synopsis
large(n1, n2, ..., k)
Description
LARGE returns the k-th largest value in a data set.
If data set is empty LARGE returns error. If k <= 0 or k is
greater than the number of data items given LARGE returns error.
Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
LARGE(A1..A5,2) equals 25.9.
LARGE(A1..A5,4) equals 17.3.
See Also
percentile
percentrank
quartile
small
Top
lcm
Synopsis
lcm(number1,number2,...)
Description
LCM returns the least common multiple of integers. The least common
multiple is the smallest positive number that is a multiple of all
integer arguments given.
If any of the arguments is less than one, LCM returns error.
Excel compatible. Requires the GMP library.
Examples
LCM(2,13) equals 26.
LCM(4,7,5) equals 140.
See Also
gcd
Top
left
Synopsis
left(text[,num_chars])
Description
LEFT returns the leftmost num_chars characters or the left character
if num_chars is not specified.
Examples
LEFT("Directory",3) equals "Dir".
See Also
mid
right
Top
len
Synopsis
len(string)
Description
LEN returns the length in characters of the string string.
Examples
len("Helsinki") equals 8.
See Also
char
code
Top
length
Synopsis
length()
Description
Returns the length of an object which may be a string (acts like strlen)
or a list, or an array.
Examples
See Also
Top
lgamma
Synopsis
lgamma(x)
Description
The lgamma() function returns the log of the absolute
value of the Gamma function.
Examples
See Also
infnan
Top
ln
Synopsis
ln(x)
Description
LN returns the natural logarithm of x. If x <= 0, LN returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
LN(7) equals 1.94591.
See Also
exp
log_2
log_10
Top
log
Synopsis
log(x)
Description
Computes the natural logarithm of x.
Examples
See Also
Top
log1p
Synopsis
log1p(x)
Description
log1p(x) returns a value equivalent to `log (1 + x)'. It
is computed in a way that is accurate even if the value of
x is near zero.
Examples
See Also
exp
log
Top
log_10
Synopsis
log_10(x)
Description
The log10() function returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
Examples
See Also
log
Top
log_2
Synopsis
log_2(x)
Description
LOG_2 computes the base-2 logarithm of x. If x <= 0, LOG_2 returns
error. The name of this functions is log_2 rather than log2, otherwise Siag
would interpret the name as a reference.
Examples
LOG_2(1024) equals 10.
See Also
exp
log_10
log
Top
loginv
Synopsis
loginv(p,mean,stdev)
Description
LOGINV returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative
distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to the normal
distribution, mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and
stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 or stdev <= 0 LOGINV returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
LOGINV(0.5,2,3) equals 7.389056099.
See Also
exp
ln
log
log10
lognormdist
Top
lognormdist
Synopsis
lognormdist(x,mean,stdev)
Description
lognormdist returns the lognormal distribution. x is the
value for which you want the distribution, mean is the mean of the
distribution, and stdev is the standard deviation of the
distribution. Excel compatible.
If stdev = 0 lognormdist returns error. If x <= 0, mean < 0
or stdev < 0 lognormdist returns error.
Examples
lognormdist(3,1,2) equals 0.519662338.
See Also
normdist
Top
lower
Synopsis
lower(text)
Description
LOWER returns a lower-case version of the string in text.
Examples
LOWER("J. F. Kennedy") equals "j. f. kennedy".
See Also
upper
Top
max
Synopsis
max(x1, x2, ...)
Description
Returns the maximum of x1, x2, etc.
Examples
See Also
r_max
Top
maxa
Synopsis
maxa(number1,number2,...)
Description
MAXA returns the largest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
MINA(A1..A5) equals 0.
See Also
max
mina
Top
median
Synopsis
median(n1, n2, ...)
Description
MEDIAN returns the median of the given data set.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored. If even numbers are given
MEDIAN returns the average of the two numbers in the middle. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
MEDIAN(A1..A5) equals 21.3.
See Also
average
count
counta
daverage
mode
sum
Top
min
Synopsis
min(x1, x2, ...)
Description
Returns the numerical minimum of its arguments.
Examples
See Also
r_min
Top
mina
Synopsis
mina(number1,number2,...)
Description
MINA returns the smallest value of the given arguments. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
MAXA(A1..A5) equals 40.1.
See Also
min
maxa
Top
minute
Synopsis
minute(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a minute. The minute is returned as an
integer in the range 0 to 59.
Examples
See Also
hour
now
time
second
Top
mmult
Synopsis
mmult(array1,array2)
Description
MMULT returns the matrix product of two arrays. The result is
an array with the same number of rows as array1 and the same number
of columns as array2. Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
transpose
minverse
Top
mod
Synopsis
mod(number,divisor)
Description
MOD returns the remainder when divisor is divided into
number. Excel compatible.
MOD returns error if divisor is zero.
Examples
MOD(23,7) equals 2.
See Also
int
floor
ceil
Top
month
Synopsis
month(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a month.
Examples
See Also
day
time
now
year
Top
mpf_abs
Synopsis
mpf_abs(op)
Description
Set ROP to the absolute value of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_add
Synopsis
mpf_add(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 + OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_ceil
Synopsis
mpf_ceil(op)
Description
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
Examples
See Also
mpf_floor
mpf_trunc
Top
mpf_cmp
Synopsis
mpf_cmp(op1, op2)
Description
Compare OP1 and OP2. Return a positive value if OP1 > OP2, zero
if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1 < OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_div
Synopsis
mpf_div(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1/OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_div_2exp
Synopsis
mpf_div_2exp(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 divided by 2 raised to OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_eq
Synopsis
mpf_eq(op1, op2, op3)
Description
Return non-zero if the first OP3 bits of OP1 and OP2 are equal,
zero otherwise. I.e., test if OP1 and OP2 are approximately equal.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_floor
Synopsis
mpf_floor(op)
Description
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
Examples
See Also
mpf_ceil
mpf_trunc
Top
mpf_mul
Synopsis
mpf_mul(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 times OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_mul_2exp
Synopsis
mpf_mul_2exp(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 times 2 raised to OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_neg
Synopsis
mpf_neg(op)
Description
Set ROP to -OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_pow_ui
Synopsis
mpf_pow_ui(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 raised to the power OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_reldiff
Synopsis
mpf_reldiff(op1, op2)
Description
Compute the relative difference between OP1 and OP2 and store the
result in ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_sgn
Synopsis
mpf_sgn(op)
Description
Return +1 if OP > 0, 0 if OP = 0, and -1 if OP < 0.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_sqrt
Synopsis
mpf_sqrt(op)
Description
Set ROP to the square root of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_sub
Synopsis
mpf_sub(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 - OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpf_trunc
Synopsis
mpf_trunc(op)
Description
Set ROP to OP rounded to an integer. `mpf_ceil' rounds to the
next higher integer, `mpf_floor' to the next lower, and
`mpf_trunc' to the integer towards zero.
Examples
See Also
mpf_floor
mpf_ceil
Top
mpz_abs
Synopsis
mpz_abs(op)
Description
Set ROP to the absolute value of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_add
Synopsis
mpz_add(a, b)
Description
Computes a+b for integers of arbitrary size.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_and
Synopsis
mpz_and(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 logical-and OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_bin_ui
Synopsis
mpz_bin_ui(n, k)
Description
Compute the binomial coefficient N over K and store the result in
ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_cdiv_q
Synopsis
mpz_cdiv_q(n, d)
Description
Set Q to N/D, rounded towards +infinity.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_cdiv_r
Synopsis
mpz_cdiv_r(n, d)
Description
Set R to (N - N/D * D), where the quotient is rounded towards
+infinity. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the opposite sign
as D.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_clrbit
Synopsis
mpz_clrbit(rop, bit_index)
Description
Clear bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_cmp
Synopsis
mpz_cmp(op1, op2)
Description
Compare OP1 and OP2. Return a positive value if OP1 > OP2, zero
if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1 < OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_cmpabs
Synopsis
mpz_cmpabs(op1, op2)
Description
Compare the absolute values of OP1 and OP2. Return a positive
value if OP1 > OP2, zero if OP1 = OP2, and a negative value if OP1
< OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_com
Synopsis
mpz_com(op)
Description
Set ROP to the one's complement of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_divexact
Synopsis
mpz_divexact(n, d)
Description
Set Q to N/D. This function produces correct results only when it
is known in advance that D divides N.
Since mpz_divexact is much faster than any of the other routines
that produce the quotient (*note References:: Jebelean), it is the
best choice for instances in which exact division is known to
occur, such as reducing a rational to lowest terms.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fac_ui
Synopsis
mpz_fac_ui(op)
Description
Set ROP to OP!, the factorial of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fdiv_q
Synopsis
mpz_fdiv_q(n, d)
Description
Set Q to N/D, rounded towards -infinity.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fdiv_q_2exp
Synopsis
mpz_fdiv_q_2exp(n, d)
Description
Set Q to N divided by 2 raised to D, rounded towards -infinity.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fdiv_r
Synopsis
mpz_fdiv_r(n, d)
Description
Set R to (N - N/D * D), where the quotient is rounded towards
-infinity. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the same sign as D.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fdiv_r_2exp
Synopsis
mpz_fdiv_r_2exp(n, d)
Description
Divide N by (2 raised to D) and put the remainder in R. The sign
of R will always be positive.
This operation can also be defined as masking of the D least
significant bits.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_fib_ui
Synopsis
mpz_fib_ui(n)
Description
Compute the Nth Fibonacci number and store the result in ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_gcd
Synopsis
mpz_gcd(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to the greatest common divisor of OP1 and OP2. The result
is always positive even if either of or both input operands are
negative.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_hamdist
Synopsis
mpz_hamdist(op1, op2)
Description
If OP1 and OP2 are both non-negative, return the hamming distance
between the two operands. Otherwise, return the largest possible
value (MAX_ULONG).
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_invert
Synopsis
mpz_invert(op1, op2)
Description
Compute the inverse of OP1 modulo OP2 and put the result in ROP.
Return non-zero if an inverse exist, zero otherwise. When the
function returns zero, ROP is undefined.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_ior
Synopsis
mpz_ior(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 inclusive-or OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_jacobi
Synopsis
mpz_jacobi(op1, op2)
Description
Compute the Jacobi and Legendre symbols, respectively.
Examples
See Also
mpz_legendre
Top
mpz_lcm
Synopsis
mpz_lcm(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to the least common multiple of OP1 and OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_legendre
Synopsis
mpz_legendre(op1, op2)
Description
Compute the Jacobi and Legendre symbols, respectively.
Examples
See Also
mpz_jacobi
Top
mpz_mod
Synopsis
mpz_mod(n, d)
Description
Set R to N `mod' D. The sign of the divisor is ignored; the
result is always non-negative.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_mul
Synopsis
mpz_mul(a, b)
Description
Computes a*b for integers of arbitrary size.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_mul_2exp
Synopsis
mpz_mul_2exp(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 times 2 raised to OP2. This operation can also be
defined as a left shift, OP2 steps.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_neg
Synopsis
mpz_neg(op)
Description
Set ROP to -OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_nextprime
Synopsis
mpz_nextprime(op)
Description
Set ROP to the next prime greater than OP.
This function uses a probabilistic algorithm to identify primes,
but for for practical purposes it's adequate, since the chance of
a composite passing will be extremely small.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_perfect_power_p
Synopsis
mpz_perfect_power_p(op)
Description
Return non-zero if OP is a perfect power, i.e., if there exist
integers A and B, with B > 1, such that OP equals a raised to b.
Return zero otherwise.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_perfect_square_p
Synopsis
mpz_perfect_square_p(op)
Description
Return non-zero if OP is a perfect square, i.e., if the square
root of OP is an integer. Return zero otherwise.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_popcount
Synopsis
mpz_popcount(op)
Description
For non-negative numbers, return the population count of OP. For
negative numbers, return the largest possible value (MAX_ULONG).
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_pow_ui
Synopsis
mpz_pow_ui(base, exp)
Description
Set ROP to BASE raised to EXP. The case of 0^0 yields 1.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_powm
Synopsis
mpz_powm(base, exp, mod)
Description
Set ROP to (BASE raised to EXP) `mod' MOD. If EXP is negative,
the result is undefined.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_probab_prime_p
Synopsis
mpz_probab_prime_p(n, reps)
Description
If this function returns 0, N is definitely not prime. If it
returns 1, then N is `probably' prime. If it returns 2, then N is
surely prime. Reasonable values of reps vary from 5 to 10; a
higher value lowers the probability for a non-prime to pass as a
`probable' prime.
The function uses Miller-Rabin's probabilistic test.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_remove
Synopsis
mpz_remove(op, f)
Description
Remove all occurrences of the factor F from OP and store the
result in ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_root
Synopsis
mpz_root(op, n)
Description
Set ROP to the truncated integer part of the Nth root of OP.
Return non-zero if the computation was exact, i.e., if OP is ROP
to the Nth power.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_scan0
Synopsis
mpz_scan0(op, starting_bit)
Description
Scan OP, starting with bit STARTING_BIT, towards more significant
bits, until the first clear bit is found. Return the index of the
found bit.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_scan1
Synopsis
mpz_scan1(op, starting_bit)
Description
Scan OP, starting with bit STARTING_BIT, towards more significant
bits, until the first set bit is found. Return the index of the
found bit.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_setbit
Synopsis
mpz_setbit(rop, bit_index)
Description
Set bit BIT_INDEX in ROP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_sgn
Synopsis
mpz_sgn(op)
Description
Return +1 if OP > 0, 0 if OP = 0, and -1 if OP < 0.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_sizeinbase
Synopsis
mpz_sizeinbase(op, base)
Description
Return the size of OP measured in number of digits in base BASE.
The base may vary from 2 to 36. The returned value will be exact
or 1 too big. If BASE is a power of 2, the returned value will
always be exact.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_sqrt
Synopsis
mpz_sqrt(op)
Description
Set ROP to the truncated integer part of the square root of OP.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_sub
Synopsis
mpz_sub(a, b)
Description
Computes a-b for integers of arbitrary size.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_tdiv_q
Synopsis
mpz_tdiv_q(n, d)
Description
Set Q to [N/D], truncated towards 0.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_tdiv_q_2exp
Synopsis
mpz_tdiv_q_2exp(n, d)
Description
Set Q to N divided by 2 raised to D. The quotient is truncated
towards 0.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_tdiv_r
Synopsis
mpz_tdiv_r(n, d)
Description
Set R to (N - [N/D] * D), where the quotient is truncated towards
0. Unless R becomes zero, it will get the same sign as N.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_tdiv_r_2exp
Synopsis
mpz_tdiv_r_2exp(n, d)
Description
Divide N by (2 raised to D) and put the remainder in R. Unless it
is zero, R will have the same sign as N.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_tstbit
Synopsis
mpz_tstbit(op, bit_index)
Description
Check bit BIT_INDEX in OP and return 0 or 1 accordingly.
Examples
See Also
Top
mpz_xor
Synopsis
mpz_xor(op1, op2)
Description
Set ROP to OP1 exclusive-or OP2.
Examples
See Also
Top
mround
Synopsis
mround(number,multiple)
Description
MROUND rounds a given number to the desired multiple. number
is the number you want rounded and multiple is the the multiple to
which you want to round the number.
If number and multiple have different sign, MROUND returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
MROUND(1.7,0.2) equals 1.8.
MROUND(321.123,0.12) equals 321.12.
See Also
rounddown
round
roundup
Top
n
Synopsis
n(x)
Description
N returns a value converted to a number. Strings containing text are
converted to the zero value. Excel compatible.
Examples
See Also
Top
negbinomdist
Synopsis
negbinomdist(f,t,p)
Description
negbinomdist returns the negative binomial distribution. f
is the number of failures, t is the threshold number of successes,
and p is the probability of a success.
If f or t is a non-integer it is truncated. If (f + t -1) <= 0
negbinomdist returns error. If p < 0 or p > 1 negbinomdist
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
negbinomdist(2,5,0.55) equals 0.152872629.
See Also
binomdist
combin
fact
hypgeomdist
permut
Top
nominal
Synopsis
nominal(rate, nper)
Description
NOMINAL calculates the nominal interest rate from a given effective
rate.
Nominal interest rate is given by a formula:
nper * (( 1 + r ) ^ (1 / nper) - 1 )
where:
r = effective interest rate
nper = number of periods used for compounding
Examples
See Also
effect
Top
normdist
Synopsis
normdist(x,mean,stdev,cumulative)
Description
normdist returns the normal cumulative distribution. x is
the value for which you want the distribution, mean is the mean of
the distribution, stdev is the standard deviation.
If stdev is 0 normdist returns error. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
normdist(2,1,2,0) equals 0.176032663.
See Also
poisson
Top
norminv
Synopsis
norminv(p,mean,stdev)
Description
norminv returns the inverse of the normal cumulative
distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to the normal
distribution, mean is the arithmetic mean of the distribution, and
stdev is the standard deviation of the distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 or stdev <= 0 norminv returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
norminv(0.76,2,3) equals 4.118907689.
See Also
normdist
normsdist
normsinv
standardize
ztest
Top
normsdist
Synopsis
normsdist(x)
Description
normsdist returns the standard normal cumulative
distribution. x is the value for which you want the distribution.
Excel compatible.
Examples
normsdist(2) equals 0.977249868.
See Also
normdist
Top
normsinv
Synopsis
normsinv(p)
Description
normsinv returns the inverse of the standard normal
cumulative distribution. p is the given probability corresponding to
the normal distribution. Excel compatible.
If p < 0 or p > 1 normsinv returns error.
Examples
normsinv(0.2) equals -0.841621234.
See Also
normdist
norminv
normsdist
standardize
ztest
Top
not
Synopsis
not(number)
Description
NOT implements the logical NOT function: the result is TRUE if the
number is zero; otherwise the result is FALSE.
Excel compatible.
The name of this function is @NOT, to avoid clash with Scheme.
Examples
NOT(0) equals TRUE.
NOT(TRUE) equals FALSE.
See Also
and
or
Top
now
Synopsis
now()
Description
Returns the serial number for the date and time at the time it is
evaluated.
Serial Numbers in Siag are represented as seconds from 01/01/1970.
Examples
See Also
today
now
Top
nper
Synopsis
nper(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)
Description
NPER calculates number of periods of an investment based on periodic
constant payments and a constant interest rate. The interest rate per
period is rate, pmt is the payment made each period, pv is the
present value, fv is the future value and type is when the payments
are due. If type = 1, payments are due at the begining of the period,
if type = 0, payments are due at the end of the period.
Examples
For example, if you deposit $10,000 in a savings account that earns an
interest rate of 6%. To calculate how many years it will take to
double your investment use NPER as follows:
=NPER(0.06, 0, -10000, 20000,0)returns 11.895661046 which indicates
that you can double your money just before the end of the 12th year.
See Also
ppmt
pv
fv
Top
oct2bin
Synopsis
oct2bin(number[,places])
Description
The OCT2BIN function converts an octal number to a binary number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces. Excel compatible.
If places is too small or negative error is returned.
Examples
OCT2BIN("213") equals 10001011.
See Also
bin2oct
oct2dec
oct2hex
Top
oct2dec
Synopsis
oct2dec(x)
Description
OCT2DEC converts an octal number in a string or number to its
decimal equivalent. Excel compatible.
Examples
OCT2DEC("124") equals 84.
See Also
dec2oct
oct2bin
oct2hex
Top
oct2hex
Synopsis
oct2hex(number[,places])
Description
The OCT2HEX function converts an octal number to a hexadecimal number.
places is an optional field, specifying to zero pad to that number of
spaces. Excel compatible.
If places is too small or negative error is returned.
Examples
OCT2HEX(132) equals 5A.
See Also
hex2oct
oct2bin
oct2dec
Top
odd
Synopsis
odd(number)
Description
ODD returns the number rounded up to the nearest odd
integer. Excel compatible.
Examples
ODD(4.4) equals 5.
See Also
even
Top
or
Synopsis
or(b1, b2, ...)
Description
OR implements the logical OR function: the result is TRUE if any of
the values evaluated to TRUE.
b1, trough bN are expressions that should evaluate to TRUE or FALSE.
If an integer or floating point value is provided zero is considered
FALSE and anything else is TRUE.
If the values contain strings or empty cells those values are ignored.
If no logical values are provided, then an error is returned.
Excel compatible. The name of the function is @OR.
Examples
OR(TRUE,FALSE) equals TRUE.
OR(3>4,4<3) equals FALSE.
See Also
and
not
Top
permut
Synopsis
permut(n,k)
Description
PERMUT returns the number of permutations. n is the number
of objects, k is the number of objects in each permutation.
If n = 0 PERMUT returns error. If n < k PERMUT returns
error. Excel compatible.
Examples
PERMUT(7,3) equals 210.
See Also
combin
Top
pi
Synopsis
pi()
Description
PI functions returns the value of Pi.
This function is called with no arguments. Excel
compatible.
Examples
PI() equals 3.141593.
See Also
sqrtpi
Top
pmt
Synopsis
pmt(rate,nper,pv[,fv,type])
Description
XXX: Below is a PV function description!PMT calculates the present
value of an investment.
Examples
See Also
ppmt
pv
fv
Top
poisson
Synopsis
poisson(x,mean,cumulative)
Description
poisson returns the Poisson distribution. x is the number of
events, mean is the expected numeric value cumulative describes
whether to return the sum of the poisson function from 0 to x.
If x is a non-integer it is truncated. If x <= 0 poisson returns
error. If mean <= 0 poisson returns the error.
Excel compatible.
Examples
poisson(3,6,0) equals 0.089235078.
See Also
normdist
weibull
Top
pow
Synopsis
pow(x, y)
Description
Computes the result of x raised to the y power.
Examples
See Also
Top
pow_10
Synopsis
pow_10(x)
Description
Examples
See Also
Top
pow_2
Synopsis
pow_2(x)
Description
Examples
See Also
Top
power
Synopsis
power(x,y)
Description
POWER returns the value of x raised to the power y.
Excel compatible.
Examples
POWER(2,7) equals 128.
POWER(3,3.141) equals 31.523749.
See Also
exp
Top
ppmt
Synopsis
ppmt(rate,per,nper,pv[,fv,type])
Description
PPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards
principal.
Formula for it is:
PPMT(per) = PMT - IPMT(per)
where:
PMT = Payment received on annuity
IPMT(per) = amount of interest for period per
Examples
See Also
ipmt
pv
fv
Top
product
Synopsis
product(value1, value2, ...)
Description
PRODUCT returns the product of all the values and cells referenced in
the argument list. Excel compatible. In particular,
this means that if all cells are empty, the result will be 0.
Examples
PRODUCT(2,5,9) equals 90.
See Also
sum
count
g_product
Top
pv
Synopsis
pv(rate,nper,pmt,fv,type)
Description
pv calculates the present value of an investment. rate is the
periodic interest rate, nper is the number of periods used for
compounding. pmt is the payment made each period, fv is the future
value and type is when the payment is made. If type = 1 then the
payment is made at the begining of the period. If type = 0 it is made
at the end of each period.
Examples
See Also
fv
Top
pwr
Synopsis
pwr(y, n)
Description
Compute an integral power of a double precision number.
Examples
See Also
Top
quotient
Synopsis
quotient(num,den)
Description
QUOTIENT returns the integer portion of a division. num is
the divided and den is the divisor. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
QUOTIENT(23,5) equals 4.
See Also
mod
Top
r_avg
Synopsis
r_avg(a, b, ...)
Description
Returns the average of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
Examples
r_avg(a1..c2, e5) returns the average of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
See Also
r_max
r_min
r_sum
Top
r_max
Synopsis
r_max(a, b, ...)
Description
Returns the largest value of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
Examples
r_max(a1..c2, e5) returns the largest of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
See Also
r_sum
r_min
r_avg
Top
r_min
Synopsis
r_min(a, b, ...)
Description
Returns the smallest value of all cells in the argument list.
The arguments can be values, references or ranges.
Examples
r_min(a1..c2, e5) returns the smallest of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
See Also
r_max
r_sum
r_avg
Top
r_sum
Synopsis
r_sum(a, b, ...)
Description
Returns the sum of all cells in the argument list. The arguments can
be values, references or ranges.
Examples
r_sum(a1..c2, e5) returns the sum of all cells from a1 to c2 plus the
value in e5.
See Also
r_max
r_min
r_avg
Top
radians
Synopsis
radians(x)
Description
RADIANS computes the number of radians equivalent to x degrees. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
RADIANS(180) equals 3.14159.
See Also
pi
degrees
Top
rand
Synopsis
rand(modulus)
Description
Computes a random number from 0 to modulus-1. Uses C library rand.
Examples
See Also
random
Top
randbernoulli
Synopsis
randbernoulli(p)
Description
RandBernoulli returns a Bernoulli distributed random number.
If p < 0 or p > 1 RandBernoulli returns error.
Examples
RandBernoulli(0.5).
See Also
rand
randbetween
Top
randbetween
Synopsis
randbetween(bottom,top)
Description
RANDBETWEEN returns a random integer number between bottom
and top.
If bottom or top is non-integer, they are truncated. If bottom >
top, RANDBETWEEN returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
RANDBETWEEN(3,7).
See Also
rand
Top
randbinom
Synopsis
randbinom(p,trials)
Description
RandBinom returns a binomialy distributed random number.
If p < 0 or p > 1 RandBinom returns error. If trials < 0
RandBinom returns error.
Examples
RandBinom(0.5,2).
See Also
rand
randbetween
Top
randexp
Synopsis
randexp(b)
Description
RandExp returns a exponentially distributed random number.
Examples
RandExp(0.5).
See Also
rand
randbetween
Top
randnegbinom
Synopsis
randnegbinom(p,failures)
Description
RANDNEGBINOM returns a negitive binomialy distributed random number.
If p < 0 or p > 1, RANDNEGBINOM returns error. If failures
RANDNEGBINOM returns error.
Examples
RANDNEGBINOM(0.5,2).
See Also
rand
randbetween
Top
random
Synopsis
random(modulus)
Description
Computes a random number from 0 to modulus-1. Uses C library random.
Examples
See Also
rand
Top
randpoisson
Synopsis
randpoisson(lambda)
Description
RandPoisson returns a poisson distributed random number.
Examples
RandPoisson(3).
See Also
rand
randbetween
Top
realtime
Synopsis
realtime()
Description
Returns a double precision floating point value representation
of the current realtime number of seconds. Usually precise to about
a thousandth of a second.
Examples
See Also
Top
rept
Synopsis
rept(string,num)
Description
REPT returns num repetitions of string.
Examples
REPT(".",3) equals "...".
See Also
concatenate
Top
roman
Synopsis
roman(x)
Description
Converts between roman and decimal numbers. If x is a number or
a string where the first character is a digit, converts to roman.
Otherwise converts to number.
Examples
See Also
Top
round
Synopsis
round(number[,digits])
Description
ROUND rounds a given number. number is the number you want
rounded and digits is the number of digits to which you want to round
that number.
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded to
the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is rounded
to the left of the decimal point. Excel compatible.
Examples
ROUND(5.5) equals 6.
ROUND(-3.3) equals -3.
ROUND(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
ROUND(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.
See Also
rounddown
roundup
Top
rounddown
Synopsis
rounddown(number[,digits])
Description
ROUNDDOWN rounds a given number down, towards zero. number
is the number you want rounded down and digits is the number of
digits to which you want to round that number.
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded down to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded
down to the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is
rounded down to the left of the decimal point. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
ROUNDDOWN(5.5) equals 5.
ROUNDDOWN(-3.3) equals -4.
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,1) equals 1501.1.
ROUNDDOWN(1501.15,-2) equals 1500.0.
See Also
round
roundup
Top
roundup
Synopsis
roundup(number[,digits])
Description
ROUNDUP rounds a given number up, away from zero. number is
the number you want rounded up and digits is the number of digits to
which you want to round that number.
If digits is greater than zero, number is rounded up to the given
number of digits. If digits is zero or omitted, number is rounded up
to the nearest integer. If digits is less than zero, number is
rounded up to the left of the decimal point. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
ROUNDUP(5.5) equals 6.
ROUNDUP(-3.3) equals -3.
ROUNDUP(1501.15,1) equals 1501.2.
ROUNDUP(1501.15,-2) equals 1600.0.
See Also
round
rounddown
Top
rows
Synopsis
rows(range)
Description
The ROWS function returns the number of rows in area or array
reference.
If reference is not an array nor a range returns
error.
Examples
See Also
column
row
rows
Top
second
Synopsis
second(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a second. The second is returned as an
integer in the range 0 to 59.
Examples
See Also
hour
minute
now
time
Top
siag_colsum
Synopsis
siag_colsum(c1, c2)
Description
Returns the sum of all cells on the current row from column c1 to c2.
Examples
See Also
siag_rowsum
Top
siag_rowsum
Synopsis
siag_rowsum(r1, r2)
Description
Returns the sum of all cells in the current column from row r1 to r2.
Examples
See Also
siag_colsum
Top
sign
Synopsis
sign(number)
Description
SIGN returns 1 if the number is positive, zero if the
number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
SIGN(3) equals 1.
SIGN(-3) equals -1.
SIGN(0) equals 0.
See Also
Top
sin
Synopsis
sin(x)
Description
Computes the sine function of the angle x in radians.
Examples
See Also
cos
Top
sinh
Synopsis
sinh(x)
Description
SINH function returns the hyperbolic sine of x, which is defined
mathematically as (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2.
Excel compatible.
Examples
SINH(0.5) equals 0.521095.
See Also
sin
cos
cosh
tan
tanh
degrees
radians
exp
Top
siod
Synopsis
siod()
Description
Many functions are only available by using the
SIOD interface.
Examples
See Also
Top
skew
Synopsis
skew(n1, n2, ...)
Description
SKEW returns an unbiased estimate for skewness of a distribution.
Note, that this is only meaningful is the underlying distribution
really has a third moment. The skewness of a symmetric (e.g., normal)
distribution is zero.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If less than three numbers are given, SKEW returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
SKEW(A1..A5) equals 0.976798268.
See Also
average
var
skewp
kurt
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skewp
Synopsis
skewp(n1, n2, ...)
Description
SKEWP returns the population skewness of a data set.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If less than two numbers are given, SKEWP returns error.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
SKEWP(A1..A5) equals 0.655256198.
See Also
average
varp
skew
kurtp
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sln
Synopsis
sln(cost,salvage_value,life)
Description
The SLN function will determine the straight line depreciation of an
asset for a single period. The amount you paid for the asset is the
cost, salvage is the value of the asset at the end of its useful
life, and life is the number of periods over which an the asset is
depreciated. This method of deprecition devides the cost evenly over
the life of an asset.
The formula used for straight line depriciation is:
Depriciation expense = ( cost - salvage_value ) / life
cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). salvage_value
= amount you get when asset sold at the end of the assets's useful
life. life = anticipated life of an asset.
Examples
For example, lets suppose your company purchases a new machine for
$10,000, which has a salvage value of $700 and will have a useful life
of 10 years. The SLN yearly depreciation is computed as follows:
=SLN(10000, 700, 10)
This will return the yearly depreciation figure of $930.
See Also
syd
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small
Synopsis
small(n1, n2, ..., k)
Description
SMALL returns the k-th smallest value in a data set.
If data set is empty SMALL returns error. If k <= 0 or k is
greater than the number of data items given SMALL returns error.
Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
SMALL(A1..A5,2) equals 17.3.
SMALL(A1..A5,4) equals 25.9.
See Also
percentile
percentrank
quartile
large
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sqrt
Synopsis
sqrt(x)
Description
Compute the square root of x.
Examples
See Also
pow
pow2
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sqrtpi
Synopsis
sqrtpi(number)
Description
SQRTPI returns the square root of a number multiplied by pi.
Excel compatible.
Examples
SQRTPI(2) equals 2.506628275.
See Also
pi
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standardize
Synopsis
standardize(x, mean, stddev)
Description
STANDARDIZE returns a normalized value. x is the number to
be normalized, mean is the mean of the distribution, stddev is the
standard deviation of the distribution.
If stddev is 0 STANDARDIZE returns error. This function is
Excel compatible.
Examples
STANDARDIZE(3,2,4) equals 0.25.
See Also
average
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stdev
Synopsis
stdev(b1, b2, ...)
Description
STDEV returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these
numbers as members of a population. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
STDEV(A1..A5) equals 10.84619749.
See Also
average
dstdev
dstdevp
stdeva
stdevpa
var
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stdeva
Synopsis
stdeva(number1,number2,...)
Description
STDEVA returns the standard deviation based on a sample. Numbers, text
and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell
contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as
value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
STDEVA(A1..A5) equals 15.119953704.
See Also
stdev
stdevpa
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stdevp
Synopsis
stdevp(b1, b2, ...)
Description
STDEVP returns standard deviation of a set of numbers treating these
numbers as members of a complete population. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
STDEVP(A1..A5) equals 9.701133954.
See Also
stdev
stdeva
stdevpa
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stdevpa
Synopsis
stdevpa(number1,number2,...)
Description
STDEVPA returns the standard deviation based on the entire population.
Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too.
If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is
counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is
counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
STDEVPA(A1..A5) equals 13.523697719.
See Also
stdeva
stdevp
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stock_max
Synopsis
stock_max(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_max("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_min
stock_price
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_volume
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stock_min
Synopsis
stock_min(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_min("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_price
stock_max
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_volume
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stock_open
Synopsis
stock_open(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_open("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_price
stock_min
stock_max
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_volume
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stock_percent
Synopsis
stock_percent(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_percent("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_min
stock_max
stock_var
stock_price
stock_volume
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stock_price
Synopsis
stock_price(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_price("ABB.ST") returns the current price of ABB on the
Stockholm stock exchange.
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_min
stock_max
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_volume
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stock_var
Synopsis
stock_var(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_var("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_min
stock_max
stock_price
stock_percent
stock_volume
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stock_volume
Synopsis
stock_volume(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_price("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_yesterday
stock_open
stock_min
stock_max
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_price
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stock_yesterday
Synopsis
stock_yesterday(symbol)
Description
Fetches stock information from Yahoo over the Internet.
Examples
stock_yesterday("ABB.ST")
See Also
stock_price
stock_open
stock_min
stock_max
stock_var
stock_percent
stock_volume
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strcmp
Synopsis
strcmp(str1, str2)
Description
Returns 0 if str1 and str2 are equal, or -1 if str1 is alphabetically
less than str2 or 1 otherwise.
Examples
See Also
Top
strcspn
Synopsis
strcspn(str, indicators)
Description
Returns the location of the first character in str which is
found in the indicators set, returns the length of the string if none
found.
Examples
See Also
Top
strspn
Synopsis
strspn(str, indicators)
Description
Returns the location of the first character in str which is not
found in the indicators set, returns the length of the str if none found.
Examples
See Also
Top
substring
Synopsis
substring(str, start, end)
Description
Returns a new string made up of the part of str begining at start
and terminating at end. In other words, the new string has a length
of end - start.
Examples
See Also
Top
sum
Synopsis
sum(value1, value2, ...)
Description
SUM computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the
argument list. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
SUM(A1..A5) equals 107.
See Also
average
count
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suma
Synopsis
suma(value1, value2, ...)
Description
SUMA computes the sum of all the values and cells referenced in the
argument list. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the
calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates
to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates
to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Since logical values are numbers
in Siag, this function is identical to sum.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
SUMA(A1..A5) equals 107.
See Also
average
sum
count
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sumif
Synopsis
sumif(range,criteria[,actual_range])
Description
SUMIF sums the values in the given range that meet the given
criteria. If actual_range is given, SUMIF sums the values in the
actual_range whose corresponding components in range meet the given
criteria. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 23, 27,
28, 33, and 39. Then
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<=28") equals 78.
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<28") equals 50.
In addition, if the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 5, 3, 2, 6, and
7 then:
SUMIF(A1..A5,"<=27",B1..B5) equals 8.
See Also
countif
sum
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sumproduct
Synopsis
sumproduct(range1,range2,...)
Description
SUMPRODUCT multiplies corresponding data entries in the given
arrays or ranges, and then returns the sum of those products. If an
array entry is not numeric, the value zero is used instead.
If arrays or range arguments do not have the same dimentions,
SUMPRODUCT returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
SUMPRODUCT(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 3370.
See Also
sum
product
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sumsq
Synopsis
sumsq(value1, value2, ...)
Description
SUMSQ returns the sum of the squares of all the values and cells
referenced in the argument list. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43. Then
SUMSQ(A1..A5) equals 2925.
See Also
sum
count
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sumx2my2
Synopsis
sumx2my2(array1,array2)
Description
SUMX2MY2 returns the sum of the difference of squares of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMX2MY2 is SUM (x^2-y^2).
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2MY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
SUMX2MY2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals -1299.
See Also
sumsq
sumx2py2
Top
sumx2py2
Synopsis
sumx2py2(array1,array2)
Description
SUMX2PY2 returns the sum of the sum of squares of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMX2PY2 is SUM (x^2+y^2).
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMX2PY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
SUMX2PY2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 7149.
See Also
sumsq
sumx2my2
Top
sumxmy_2
Synopsis
sumxmy_2(array1,array2)
Description
SUMXMY_2 returns the sum of squares of differences of
corresponding values in two arrays. array1 is the first array or
range of data points and array2 is the second array or range of data
points. The equation of SUMXMY_2 is SUM (x-y)^2.
Strings and empty cells are simply ignored.
If array1 and array2 have different number of data points, SUMXMY2
returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11, 15,
17, 21, and 43 and the cells B1, B2, ..., B5 hold numbers 13, 22, 31,
33, and 39. Then
SUMXMY_2(A1..A5,B1..B5) equals 409.
See Also
sumsq
sumx2my2
sumx2py2
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sxhash
Synopsis
sxhash(data, modulus)
Description
Computes a recursive hash of the data with respect to the specified
modulus.
Examples
See Also
Top
syd
Synopsis
syd(cost,salvage_value,life,period)
Description
The SYD function calculates the sum-of-years digits depriciation for
an asset based on its cost, salvage value, anticipated life and a
particular period. This method accelerates the rate of the
depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier
periods than in later ones. The depreciable cost is the actual cost
minus the salvage value. The useful life is the number of periods
(typically years) over with the asset is depreciated.
The Formula used for sum-of-years digits depriciation is:
Depriciation expense = ( cost - salvage_value ) * (life - period +
1) * 2 / life * (life + 1).
cost = cost of an asset when acquired (market value). salvage_value
= amount you get when asset sold at the end of its useful life. life
= anticipated life of an asset. period = period for which we need the
expense.
Examples
For example say a company purchases a new computer for $5000 which has
a salvage value of $200, and a useful life of three years. We would
use the following to calculate the second year's depreciation using
the SYD method:
=SYD(5000, 200, 5, 2) which returns 1,280.00.
See Also
sln
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tan
Synopsis
tan(x)
Description
Computes the tagent of the angle x specified in radians.
Examples
See Also
atan
Top
tanh
Synopsis
tanh(x)
Description
The TANH function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x, which is
defined mathematically as sinh(x) / cosh(x).
Excel compatible.
Examples
TANH(2) equals 0.96402758.
See Also
tan
sin
sinh
cos
cosh
degrees
radians
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tbilleq
Synopsis
tbilleq(settlement,maturity,discount)
Description
TBILLEQ returns the bond-yield equivalent (BEY) for a
treasury bill. TBILLEQ is equivalent to (365 * discount) / (360 -
discount * DSM) where DSM is the days between settlement and
maturity.
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLEQ returns error. If
discount is negative, TBILLEQ returns error.
Examples
See Also
tbillprice
tbillyield
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tbillprice
Synopsis
tbillprice(settlement,maturity,discount)
Description
TBILLPRICE returns the price per $100 value for a treasury
bill where settlement is the settlement date and maturity is the
maturity date of the bill. discount is the treasury bill's discount
rate.
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLPRICE returns error. If
discount is negative, TBILLPRICE returns error.
Examples
See Also
tbilleq
tbillyield
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tbillyield
Synopsis
tbillyield(settlement,maturity,pr)
Description
TBILLYIELD returns the yield for a treasury bill. settlement
is the settlement date and maturity is the maturity date of the bill.
discount is the treasury bill's discount rate.
If settlement is after maturity or the maturity is set to over one
year later than the settlement, TBILLYIELD returns error. If
pr is negative, TBILLYIELD returns error.
Examples
See Also
tbilleq
tbillprice
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tdist
Synopsis
tdist(x,dof,tails)
Description
TDIST returns the Student's t-distribution. dof is the
degree of freedom and tails is 1 or 2 depending on whether you want
one-tailed or two-tailed distribution.
If dof < 1 TDIST returns error. If tails is neither 1 or 2
TDIST returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
TDIST(2,5,1) equals 0.050969739.
See Also
tinv
ttest
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time
Synopsis
time(hours,minutes,seconds)
Description
Returns a number representing the time of day.
Examples
See Also
hour
Top
timevalue
Synopsis
timevalue(timetext)
Description
Returns a number representing the time of day, a number between 0
and 86400.
Examples
See Also
hour
Top
tinv
Synopsis
tinv(p,dof)
Description
TINV returns the inverse of the two-tailed Student's
t-distribution.
If p < 0 or p > 1 or dof < 1 TINV returns error. This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
TINV(0.4,32) equals 0.852998454.
See Also
tdist
ttest
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totalheight
Synopsis
totalheight(r1, r2)
Description
Return the total height (in pixels)
of all cells from r1 up to and including r2
Examples
totalheight(3, 6)
See Also
totalwidth
Top
totalwidth
Synopsis
totalwidth(c1, c2)
Description
Return the total width (in pixels)
of all cells from c1 up to and including c2
Examples
totalwidth(3, 6)
See Also
totalheight
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transpose
Synopsis
transpose(matrix)
Description
TRANSPOSE returns the transpose of the input matrix.
Examples
See Also
mmult
Top
trunc
Synopsis
trunc(x)
Description
Returns the integer portion of x.
Examples
See Also
floor
ceil
Top
upper
Synopsis
upper(text)
Description
UPPER returns a upper-case version of the string in text.
Examples
UPPER("canceled") equals "CANCELED".
See Also
lower
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var
Synopsis
var(b1, b2, ...)
Description
VAR estimates the variance of a sample of a population. To get the
true variance of a complete population use VARP.
(VAR is also known as the N-1-variance. Under reasonable conditions,
it is the maximum-likelihood estimator for the true variance.)This
function is Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
VAR(A1..A5) equals 117.64.
See Also
varp
stdev
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vara
Synopsis
vara(number1,number2,...)
Description
VARA returns the variance based on a sample. Numbers, text and logical
values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text
or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0).
If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that
empty cells are not counted. Excel compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
VARA(A1..A5) equals 228.613.
See Also
var
varpa
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varp
Synopsis
varp(b1, b2, ...)
Description
VARP calculates the variance of a set of numbers where each number is
a member of a population and the set is the entire population.
(VARP is also known as the N-variance.)
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers 11.4,
17.3, 21.3, 25.9, and 40.1. Then
VARP(A1..A5) equals 94.112.
See Also
average
dvar
dvarp
stdev
var
Top
varpa
Synopsis
varpa(number1,number2,...)
Description
VARPA returns the variance based on the entire population. Numbers,
text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the
cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted
as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as
one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted. This function is Excel
compatible.
Examples
Let us assume that the cells A1, A2, ..., A5 contain numbers and
strings 11.4, 17.3, "missing", 25.9, and 40.1. Then
VARPA(A1..A5) equals 182.8904.
See Also
varp
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vref
Synopsis
vref(x)
Description
Returns the contents from the cell x positions down.
Examples
vref(-2) returns the cell 2 positions up.
See Also
href
Top
weekday
Synopsis
weekday(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a weekday. XXX: explain.
Examples
See Also
month
time
now
year
Top
weibull
Synopsis
weibull(x,alpha,beta,cumulative)
Description
weibull returns the Weibull distribution. If the cumulative
boolean is true it will return: 1 - exp (-(x/beta)^alpha),
otherwise it will return (alpha/beta^alpha) * x^(alpha-1) *
exp(-(x/beta^alpha)).
If x < 0 weibull returns error. If alpha <= 0 or beta <= 0
weibull returns error. Excel compatible.
Examples
weibull(3,2,4,0) equals 0.213668559.
See Also
poisson
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y_0
Synopsis
y_0(x)
Description
The y_0() and y_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the second kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
Examples
See Also
j_0
j_1
jn
y_1
yn
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y_1
Synopsis
y_1(x)
Description
The y_0() and y_1() functions return Bessel functions of x
of the second kind of orders 0 and 1, respectively.
Examples
See Also
j_0
j_1
jn
y_0
yn
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year
Synopsis
year(serial_number)
Description
Converts a serial number to a year.
Examples
See Also
day
month
time
now
Top
yn
Synopsis
yn(n, x)
Description
The yn() function returns the Bessel function of x of the
second kind of order n.
Examples
See Also
j_0
j_1
jn
y_0
y_1
yn
Top
Ulric Eriksson - November 2000 - ulric@siag.nu